Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from (Annona Muricata) Seeds Extract as a Cytotoxic Agent for Cells death in Breast Cancer

Abstract

This study investigates the bio-Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Annona muricata seed extract and evaluates their anticancer potential against MCF-7-positive breast cancer cells. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using various techniques including UV-visible spectroscopy, Xray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. The phytochemical profile of the A. muricata seed extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The biosynthesized AuNPs exhibited a spherical to sub-spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 20-60 nm (TEM/AFM) and a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 75 nm (DLS). The negative zeta potential (-36 mV) indicated excellent colloidal stability. GC-MS analysis identified isopropyl tetra decanoate as a major component in the seed extract, potentially contributing to AuNP synthesis and stabilization. The anticancer activity of the AuNPs was assessed using MTT assay against MCF-7- positive breast cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 22.44 ± 0.33 g/mL. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that AuNPs induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and significant apoptosis. The DPPH assay demonstrated potent antioxidant activity of the AuNPs, with concentration-dependent radical scavenging. This study demonstrates the potential of A. muricata-mediated Bio Synthesis of AuNPs as a promising approach for developing novel nanotherapeutics against MCF-7-positive breast cancer, combining the anticancer properties of both the plant extract and the nanoparticles.